Espresso Mainnet Transaction Final Confirmation Time Reduced to Under 1 Second

The final confirmation time for transactions on the Espresso mainnet has been reduced to under 1 second. On September 9, approximately 100 validators restructured the consensus, network, block generation, and data availability architecture through a network upgrade. The number of network communications required for final confirmation decreased from more than 7 to 3, and the structure that relied on the survival of the leader node for block finality was also changed. The communication method between validators was improved by discarding the existing CDN relay and libp2p-based gossip network, and implementing a fully connected encrypted network called CliqueNet. In CliqueNet, consensus messages between validators can be delivered in a single transmission. The block generation method was also shifted from external services to be processed within the leader node. A new deletion encoding method and an optimized Reed-Solomon library were applied for data availability, and the hash function BLAKE3 was used. The encoding, validation, and recovery processes were changed to parallel processing, reducing the workload required for a single final confirmation block by about two-thirds. Espresso serves as the base layer for confirming the transaction order and state of rollups, with final confirmation and settlement being separate procedures. This upgrade corresponds to improvements in the internal network structure to share transaction states between rollups and multiple chains more quickly.

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